While historian Linda Nicholson sees women’s participation in voluntary associations as
activities consistent with the increasing relegation of women’s lives to a separate, “private” sphere in
nineteenth-century Europe, historian Katherine Lynch argues that these kinds of activities enabled
women to join with one another and to develop a kind of shadow citizenship within civil society, if not
the formal state. These kinds of experiences were no substitute for actual political entitlements,
Lynch suggests, but they deserve more attention for their importance in helping individuals forge
enduring bonds of community and identity beyond domestic life. Only by limiting one’s notion of
public life to formal political participation, she says, can one conclude that most women in Western
society have ever been literally consigned to a separate or “private” sphere.The phrase 1.“These kinds of experiences” in the passage refers to experiences that in
Lynch’s view are
(D) a means of altering the political structure
这个是在怎么看出来的啊
2. The passage implies that Lynch would agree that formal political participation
(A) was increasingly important as the nineteenth century progressed
(B) was an underreported phenomenon among women in nineteenth century Europe within civil
society
(C) is crucial to helping individuals form community ties
(D) is a significant component of public life
(E) is indicative of a kind of shadow citizenship
我知道是看最后一句话选D,但还是不能理解