The author implies which of the following about the fact that turtles, whales, and dugongs all have flippers?
答案选的B,我想问A错在哪?虽然B选项正确可以由“may indeed be a necessary response to aquatic life”推出,但那段话紧接着说“But the common detailed design found among the pinnipeds probably indicates a common ancestor”,这里的common ancestor 等同于 very closely related 吗?以及 indicates a common ancestor 与“can be explained by a common ancestor”是不是其实逻辑是上有差别?
(A) It can be explained by the hypothesis that turtles, whales, and dugongs are very closely related.
(B) It can be explained by the idea of convergent evolution.
附上我原文中的答案定位:
Flippers may indeed be a necessary response to aquatic life; turtles, whales, and dugongs also have them. But the common detailed design found among the pinnipeds probably indicates a common ancestor.
附上完整原文:Biologists have long maintained that two groups of pinnipeds, sea lions and walruses, are descended from a terrestrial bearlike animal, whereas the remaining group, seals, shares an ancestor with weasels. But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution—the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures. Flippers may indeed be a necessary response to aquatic life; turtles, whales, and dugongs also have them. But the common detailed design found among the pinnipeds probably indicates a common ancestor. Moreover,walruses and seals drive themselves through the water with thrusts of their hind flippers, but sea lions use their front flippers. If anatomical similarity in the flippers resulted from similar environmental pressures, as posited by the convergent evolution theory, one would expect walruses and seals, but not seals and sea lions, to have similar flippers.

提问者: TracytheETSslayer 2015-11-08 11:49

1个回答

1
lunluochichu 2015-11-15 12:43

这里A和B的答案是截然相反的啊。
其实就是两组对立:convergent evolution是Common ancestor的反面,而t,w,d是SL,W,seal的对立面。
注意看Convergent Evolution的定义:和Common ancestor完全没关系,是对相似的环境的反应导致的,也就是你说的从“Flippers may indeed be a necessary response to aquatic life”推出,对于twd来说,他们的flipper是对aquatic life(环境)的反应,所以选B。其实推到这一步题目已经做出来了。
你会错是因为没看清楚后面跟的“But the common detailed design found among the pinnipeds probably indicates a common ancestor”说的不是twd,而是它们的对立面pinnipeds,也即SL,W,seal。
这样逻辑就很清楚了:
尽管twd的flipper可能都出于对环境的反应,但是pinniped的flipper却说明他们有共同的祖先。前后两句话是分头解释两组动物,不是讲同一个东西。

回顶部 我要纠错